Effect of Gandouling Decoction Combined with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Impulse Control Disorders in Wilson's Disease with Syndrome of Combined Phlegm and Stasis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Gandouling decoction combined with cognitive behavioral therapy （CBT） in the treatment of impulse control disorders in patients with Wilson's disease （WD， syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis）. MethodA prospective study was conducted on 90 WD patients with the syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis and impulse control disorders （ICD） treated in the Department of Encephalopathy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to February 2023. They were randomized into a control group， a CBT group， and a treatment group， with 30 patients in each group. The control group received routine Western medicine treatment （basic copper removal）. The CBT group received cognitive behavioral therapy in addition to the therapy in the control group， and the treatment group received Gandouling decoction in addition to the therapy in the CBT group. Each course of treatment was 8 days， and the patients were treated for 4 courses. Before and after treatment， the 24-hour urine copper （24 h U-Cu）， non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper （NCC）， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， unified WD rating scale part Ⅲ （UWDRS Ⅲ） score， Barratt Impulse Scale Version 11 （BIS-11） score， Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire （BPAQ） score， modified overt aggression scale （MOAS） score， and treatment emergent symptom scale （TESS） score of three groups of patients were determined and statistically analyzed. ResultBefore treatment， there was no statistically significant difference in the level of 24 h U-Cu or NCC among the three groups. After treatment， all the three groups showed an increase in 24 h U-Cu （P<0.01） and a decrease in the NCC level （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in the 24 h U-Cu level among the three groups after treatment. After treatment， the NCC level showed no significant difference between the control group and the CBT group， while the NCC level in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group and CBT group （P<0.05）. Before treatment， there was no statistically significant difference in the TCM syndrome score among the three groups. After treatment， the TCM syndrome scores of all the three groups decreased （P<0.01）. Moreover， the treatment group had lower TCM syndrome score than the control group and CBT group （P<0.05）. Before treatment， the UWDRS Ⅲ， BIS-11， BPAQ， and MOAS scores had no statistically significant differences among the three groups. After treatment， the UWDRS Ⅲ， BIS-11， BPAQ， and MOAS in all the three groups declined （P<0.05）. Moreover， the CBT group and treatment group had lower UWDRS Ⅲ， BIS-11， BPAQ， and MOAS scores than the control group （P<0.05）， and the treatment group had lower BIS-11 and BPAQ scores than the CBT group （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe combination of Gandouling decoction and CBT can ameliorate impulse control disorders in the WD patients with combined phlegm and stasis.

Advances in magnetic resonance imaging of impulsive-compulsive behavior in Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs), one of the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson′s disease (PD), may be attributed to dopaminergic dysfunction and dopamine replacement therapy. At present, understanding of ICBs, mechanisms and exploration of treatment largely depend on neuroimaging research. Despite contradictions among the findings, most evidence indicated that PD patients with ICBs showed decreased thickness in frontal and temporal cortex and the volume of subcortical nuclei when compared to those without ICBs. And the occurrence of ICBs is associated with relatively preserved white-matter integrity in the brain regions involved in reward-related behaviors. This article will give an overview of the magnetic resonance research of PD related ICBs including cortical thickness, diffusion tensor imaging, resting state and task state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, which lays a foundation for further imaging studies, revealing the pathogenesis and exploring the potential treatment options.

Correlation between serum ceruloplasmin level and elevated impulsivity in elderly patients with Parkinson′s disease / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum ceruloplasmin level and elevated impulsivity in elderly patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:227 elderly PD patients treated in Jinhua People′s Hospital from October 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects. They were grouped according to the 75th percentile of serum ceruloplasmin. 0-75th percentile was defined as normal and >75th percentile was defined as high level. The differences of second-order and first-order factor scores of Barratt′s Impulsivity Scale Version 11 (BIS-11) between the two groups were observed. After balancing the general characteristics, the third part of Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Hoehn&Yahr Scale, Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination Revised Edition (ACE-R), clinical treatment plan and other data, the correlation between ceruloplasmin and BIS-11 was observed.Results:According to the 75th percentile level of ceruloplasmin, 56 patients were included in the high-level group and 171 patients were included in the normal group. The level of ceruloplasmin, the ratio of female patients, MDS-UPDRS Ⅲ, Hoehn&Yahr Scale and ACE-R score in the high-level group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (all P<0.05). The second-order unplanned and corresponding first-order self-control and first-order self-knowledge complexity in the high-level group were higher than those in the normal group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in second-order attention, first-order attention, first-order cognitive instability, second-order motivation, first-order motivation, first-order stability and BIS-11 score between the two groups (all P>0.05). After removing the confounding factors by multifactor logistic analysis, ceruloplasmin was correlated with second-order unplanned and its corresponding first-order factors (self-control and self-knowledge complexity) (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum ceruloplasmin level in elderly PD patients is related to the elevated level of BIS-11 unplanned impulse.

Research progress of Parkinson's disease complicated with impulse control disorders / 中国医师杂志

Impulsive control disorders (ICD), as a special non-motor symptom of PD, have been widely recognized with the in-depth research on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) in recent years. ICD refers to repetitive and excessive activities that are not able to resist impulse, desire drive or temptation in order to obtain pleasure regardless of the adverse consequences. Impulse control disorders are common in people with Parkinson's disease. The pathogenesis of PD combined with ICD is still unclear and may involve the joint action of multiple factors. This paper will review the epidemiology, etiology and risk factors, genetic characteristics, imaging characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of PD patients with ICD, aiming to provide a new direction for clinical early diagnosis and individualized treatment of PD patients with ICD.

Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, screening and evaluation, diagnostic strategies and treatment of impulse control disorder after Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods:Studies related to Parkinson's disease complicated with impulse control disorder were retrieved using subject search from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data, until December, 2020, and supplemented by reference backtracking and manual retrieval. Results:A total of 2355 studies were returned first, and 30 were included, from ten countries, mainly published in journals about medicine, neurology, psychiatry, sleep medicine and movement disorders, etc., between 2010 and 2020. The researches mainly involved the pathogenesis, risk factors, screening and evaluation, diagnostic strategies and treatment. Conclusion:There are many risk factors for impulse control disorder in PD patients, mostly the dopaminergic drugs, especially dopamine receptor agonists. Interventions for impulse control disorders emphasize prevention and early identification. Individualized and symptomatic treatments based on adjustment of dopamine receptor agonists are needed.

Hyperprolactinemia associated with psychiatric disorders / Hiperprolactinemia asociada con trastornos psiquiátricos

Abstract Hyperprolactinemia may be associated with psychiatric disorders in the context of two scenarios: antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and psychiatric disorders arising from the medical treatment of hyperprolactinemia. Both situations are particularly common in psychiatric and endocrine clinical practice, albeit generally underestimated or unrecognized. The aim of this article is to provide tools for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia associated with psychiatric disorders to raise awareness, especially among psychiatrists and endocrinologists, so that these professionals can jointly focus on the appropriate management of this clinical entity.

Resumen La hiperprolactinemia puede asociarse con trastornos psiquiátricos en el contexto de dos escenarios: la hiperprolactinemia inducida por antipsicóticos y trastornos psiquiátricos surgidos por el tratamiento médico de la hiperprolactinemia. Ambas situaciones son particularmente comunes en la práctica clínica psiquiátrica y endocrinológica, aunque generalmente subestimadas o inadvertidas. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar herramientas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hiperprolactinemia asociada a trastornos psiquiátricos, para concientizar particularmente a psiquiatras y endocrinólogos a enfocar en conjunto el manejo apropiado de esta entidad.

Impulse Control and ERP Characteristics of Patients with Mental Disorder Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the impulse control and event-related potential （ERP） characteristics of patients with mental disorders caused by traumatic brain injury （TBI） in forensic psychiatry identification and to provide objective auxiliary indicators for forensic psychiatry identification. Methods Thirty patients （TBI group） with mental disorders caused by traumatic brain injury, who were identified as mild psychiatric impairment by judicial psychiatry, including 24 males and 6 females, as well as the thirty people in the control group participated in the study. All the participants completed Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 （BIS-11） and ERP induced by Go/NoGo tasks. BIS-11 and ERP data were collected and analyzed. Results The results of the BIS-11 showed that the total score and subscale scores of the TBI group were higher compared to the control group （P<0.05）. Moreover, the TBI group exhibited significantly lower NoGo-N2 amplitude and lower NoGo-P3 amplitude than the control group. The NoGo-N2 amplitude was larger than the Go-N2 amplitude, and the NoGo-P3 amplitude was larger than the Go-P3 amplitude in both groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion Traumatic brain injury could impair impulse control of mild psychiatric impairment patients, and the amplitudes of NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 could be important parameters to evaluate the impulse control of patients with mental disorders caused by traumatic brain injury.

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for intermittent explosive disorder: description and preliminary analysis

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a group therapy based on cognitive-behavioral techniques customized for intermittent explosive disorder (IED). The current report presents the preliminary results of a clinical trial comparing pre- and post-intervention scores in different anger dimensions. Methods: The studied sample consisted of 84 treatment-seeking subjects. The mean (standard deviation) age was 43.0 (11.9) years, and 78% were male. The therapeutic group program consisted of 15 weekly sessions plus three maintenance sessions. The sessions lasted approximately 90 minutes each. Results: No differences were found in demographic profile and pre-treatment status between subjects who completed treatment (n=59) and dropouts (n=25). Comparison of State-Trait Anger Expression Scale (STAXI) scores pre- and post-treatment showed statistically significant changes in all anger scales and subscales of the questionnaire. Conclusion: This preliminary report is a significant addition to currently scarce clinical data. Our findings provide further evidence that structured cognitive-behavioral group therapy, with a focus on anger management and cognitive coping, may be a promising approach to the treatment of IED.

Parkinson's Disease Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders Questionnaire - Current Short (QUIP-CS) - Translation and validation of content of Portuguese Version / Parkinson's Disease Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders Questionnaire - Current Short (QUIP-CS) - Tradução e validação de conteúdo em português do Questionário para Avaliação de Distúrbios Impulsivo-Compulsivos na Doença de Parkinson

ABSTRACT Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) management is usually successfully reached with proper pharmacological treatment. However, PD patients can manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms secondary to medical therapy, including impulse control disorders (ICD), presenting as pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive buying, drinking or eating disorders. We translated and validated the Portuguese version of the gold-standard questionnaire Parkinson's Disease Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders Questionnaire, or (QUIP) for identifying ICDs in PD patients. Methods Translation, back translation and submission to instrument developer was performed, that approved its new version comparing it to his original, validated version, with no loss of it's original properties. Then, the Portuguese version was administered to 30 PD patients. They also were asked to rate from 1 to 5 the level of comprehensibility of the questions. Results The average level of comprehension was 4.06 ± 0.69 DP, considering 3 or more as acceptable. No patient has answered 1 or 2. Conclusion Our results on Portuguese version of QUIP-CS show that QUIP-CS translated and corrected version was easily understood and easily self-applied.

RESUMO Objetivo O manejo da doença de Parkinson (DP) é usualmente alcançado com sucesso com o tratamento farmacológico apropriado. Entretanto, os pacientes com DP podem manifestar sintomas neuropsiquiátricos secundários à terapêutica, como a síndrome de descontrole dos impulsos (SDI), que se apresenta como o jogar patológico, a hipersexualidade, o comprar, beber ou comer compulsivos. Traduzimos e validamos a versão em português do questionário padrão-ouro para identificação de transtornos impulsivo-compulsivos na DP (QUIP-CS) para identificar nesses pacientes a presença de SDI. Métodos Foram realizadas a tradução, a retrotradução e a submissão do instrumento ao desenvolvedor deste, que aprovou a nova versão comparando esta à sua, que já está validada, sem a perda das suas propriedades originais. Após, a versão em português foi administrada a 30 pacientes com o diagnóstico de DP. Eles também foram solicitados a classificar o nível de compreensibilidade das questões, graduando-as de 1 a 5. Resultados O nível médio de compreensão foi 4,06 ± 0,69 DP, considerando-se 3 ou mais como aceitável. Nenhum paciente respondeu 1 ou 2. Conclusão Os nossos resultados para a versão em português da QUIP-CS mostraram que essa versão, traduzida e corrigida, foi facilmente compreendida e aplicada pelos próprios pacientes.

Hypersexuality Induced by Rasagiline Monotherapy in a Patinet with Parkinson's Disease

Impulse control disorders including hypersexuality occur occasionally in Parkinson's disease, especially when treated with dopamine agonist. A 62-year-old male with Parkinson's disease was initially treated with rasagiline monotherapy and presented hypersexuality. After 8 weeks of discontinuation of the drug, his hypersexual behavior was significantly improved. To our knowledge, this is the first reported Asian case of a hypersexuality caused by rasagiline. Our observation emphasizes that patients and caregivers need to be educated on the possibility of hypersexuality resulting from rasagiline.

Psychosis and concurrent impulse control disorder in Parkinson's disease: A review based on a case report / Psicose e transtorno de impulsividade concomitantes na Doença de Parkinson: revisão baseada em um relato de caso

ABSTRACT Psychosis, impulse control disorders (e.g., pathological gambling and hypersexuality) and repetitive behaviors such as punding are known psychiatric complications of Parkinson's disease (PD). Impulsive, compulsive and repetitive behaviors are strongly associated with dopamine-replacement therapy. We present the case of a 58-year-old man with PD and a myriad of psychiatric symptoms. Concurrent psychosis, punding and pathological gambling developed more than six years after the introduction of pramipexole and ceased shortly after the addition of quetiapine and discontinuation of pramipexole. This report emphasizes the importance of monitoring for a wide array of psychiatric symptoms in patients on dopamine replacement therapy.

RESUMO Psicose, transtornos do impulso (como jogo patológico e hipersexualidade) e comportamentos repetitivos como punding são complicações psiquiátricas conhecidas da doença de Parkinson. Comportamentos repetitivos, impulsivos e compulsivos são fortemente associados a terapia de reposição dopaminérgica. Nós apresentamos o caso de um homem de 58 anos com doença de Parkinson de início precoce e múltiplos sintomas psiquiátricos. Psicose, punding e jogo patológico surgiram mais de seis anos após a introdução de pramipexol e cessaram pouco após sua descontinuação e introdução de quetiapina. Nosso relato enfatiza a importância do monitoramento para uma ampla gama de sintomas psiquiatricos em pacientes com doença de parkinson em uso de terapia de reposição dopaminérgica.

A cross-cultural study of gambling disorder: a comparison between women from Brazil and the United States

Objective: To perform a cross-cultural comparison of gambling disorder (GD) in women from Brazil and the United States, two countries with pronounced social and cultural differences. We hoped to produce insight into the impact of cultural influences on the presentation of GD in women, which may be useful for the development of culturally-sensitive interventions. Method: We assessed 681 women with GD: 406 from a Brazilian sample and 275 from a U.S. sample. We assessed demographic and gambling behavior variables in addition to co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Results: Fewer Brazilian participants were Caucasian (73.3 vs. 91.3%; p = 0.022). Also, Brazilian women had lower levels of education (59.9% with high school or less vs. 44.4%; p < 0.001), and were more likely to have a current partner (54.9 vs. 43.4%; p = 0.003). Brazilian gamblers also reported lower urge scores (6.6±4.3 vs. 11.6±2.4; p < 0.001) and higher chasing rates (89.1 vs. 80.0%; p = 0.002). Brazilian gamblers reported higher rates of bingo gambling (19.2 vs. 5.7%; p < 0.001), but lower rates of card game gambling (5.8 vs. 23.1%; p < 0.001). Finally, Brazilian gamblers were more likely to endorse a history of major depressive disorder (36.9 vs. 24.4%; p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study reinforces the need for further general cross-cultural research on GD and particularly for studies investigating how gender mediates these differences. Finally, the differences noted in this analysis suggest that the findings of predominantly Anglo-Saxon cultures may not be generalizable to other world populations.

Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental para Compras Compulsivas: Um Estudo de Caso Sistemático / Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Compulsive Buying: A Systematic Case Study

RESUMO O presente estudo de caso sistemático examinou o processo e os resultados da terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) de uma compradora compulsiva. A duração do tratamento foi pré-definida em 12 sessões. Todas as sessões foram codificadas com o Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS), um método empírico de avaliação do processo terapêutico. Medidas de resultados incluíram a avaliação de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e compras compulsivas, bem como do ajustamento social. Houve mudança clinicamente significativa e confiável nos sintomas e no ajustamento social, após o tratamento. A análise do processo indicou que fatores da terapeuta (empatia e responsividade), fatores da paciente (colaboração), fatores da relação (aliança terapêutica) e fatores técnicos (apoio e tarefas de casa) contribuíram para as mudanças observadas.

ABSTRACT The present systematic case study examined the therapeutic process and results of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of a woman with compulsive buyer disorder. The treatment had a fixed duration of 12 sessions. All sessions were rated using the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS), an empirical method for evaluating the therapeutic process. Outcome measures included assessment of symptoms of depression, anxiety and compulsive buying, and social adjustment. After therapy, there were clinically significant and reliable change in symptoms and social adjustment. The process analysis indicated that therapist's factors (empathy and responsiveness), patient's factors (collaboration), relationship factors (therapeutic alliance) and technical factors (support and homework) contributed to the observed changes.

Infarto agudo do miocárdio em jogador patológico / Acute myocardial infarction in pathological player

O jogo patológico caracteriza-se pela maneira desajustada do indivíduoproceder diante de jogos de azar, de forma recorrente,excessiva, e com repercussões negativas na vida pessoal, familiare profissional. Jogadores patológicos são rotineiramente submetidosà grande carga de estresse, devido a problemas financeirose familiares, e, frequentemente, possuem múltiplos fatores derisco tradicionais para doença aterosclerótica coronariana. Adependência do jogo patológico altera o estado subjetivo do indivíduo,interagindo com a atividade cerebral, pela estimulaçãoda atividade nervosa. O jogo, em muitos aspectos, pode mimetizaros efeitos do abuso de drogas estimulantes, cursando comliberação catecolaminérgica contínua. Considerando as diversasalterações psíquicas e autonômicas associadas ao jogo patológico,existe a possibilidade de essa patologia apresentar associaçãocom a instabilidade do ateroma e consequente infarto agudodo miocárdio. Neste relato de caso, descrevemos uma pacienteportadora de múltiplos fatores de risco cardiovascular, que sofreuum infarto agudo do miocárdio durante atividade de jogoe aposta, evidência que contribui com a hipótese em potencialde que alterações autonômicas associadas ao jogo patológico podemter algum papel na instabilização do ateroma.(AU)

Pathological gambling is characterized by the dysfunctional,recurrent and excessive way the individual handles gambling,which leads to adverse consequences for the gambler?s personal,professional and family lives. Pathological gamblers are regularlyunder a lot of stress due to financial and family problems, andthey often have multiple traditional risk factors for coronaryatherosclerotic disease. Pathological gambling addiction alters theindividual?s subjective state of mind, interacting with the brainactivity by stimulating the nervous system. The gambling in manyways may mimic the effects of stimulant drugs, evolving withcontinuous catecholaminergic response. Considering the severalpsychic and autonomic changes associated with pathologicalgambling, this disorder could be related to atheroma instabilityand consequent acute myocardial infarction. This paper describeda patient with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, who has sufferedan acute myocardial infarction during gambling activity, that wasan evidence which contributes to the potential hypothesis thatautonomic changes associated with pathological gambling mayhave some role in the atheroma destabilizatio.(AU)

Piribedil and Pathological Gambling in six Parkinsonian patients / Piribedil e Jogo Patológico em seis pacientes parkinsonianos

Impulse control disorders (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have attracted increasing interest. They are characterized by the inability to control the impulse to perform an act that can be detrimental to them or to others. Although dopamine agonists (DA), as a group, have been associated with impulse control disorders (ICD), piribedil has rarely been reported to cause them. Method Case reports of six parkinsonian patients on piribedil presenting pathological gambling (PG). Results All of the patients presented ICD associated with piribedil use. Two of them received this medication as first treatment and four of them who had developed ICDs secondary to other DA that reappeared with piribedil. Conclusion Despite piribedil is commercially available in only a few countries, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PG in patients with PD. .

Os distúrbios do controle do impulso (DCI) na doença de Parkinson (DP) têm atraído crescente interesse. Eles são caracterizados pela incapacidade da pessoa em controlar o impulso para realizar um ato que pode ser prejudicial a ela própria ou aos outros. Embora os agonistas dopaminérgicos (AD), como um grupo, têm sido associados com distúrbios do controle do impulso, o piribedil tem sido relatado raramente como causa dos mesmos. Método Relatos de seis casos de pacientes parkinsonianos em uso de piribedil apresentando jogo patológico (JP). Resultados Todos os pacientes apresentaram DCI com o uso do piribedil. Dois deles receberam piribedil como primeiro tratamento e quatro deles que haviam desenvolvido DCI devido a outro AD, reapresentaram o quadro com piribedil. Conclusão Apesar de o piribedil estar disponível comercialmente apenas em alguns países, deveria ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de JP em pacientes com DP. .

Whole-Brain Diffusion-Tensor Changes in Parkinsonian Patients with Impulse Control Disorders

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the changes in diffusion-tensor images associated with medication-related impulse control disorder (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing chronic dopamine-replacement therapy. METHODS: Nineteen PD patients, comprising 10 with ICD (PD-ICD) and 9 without ICD (PD-nonICD), and 18 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) with no cognitive or other psychiatric disorders were analyzed. All subjects underwent 3-T magnetic resonance diffusion-tensor imaging. For all PD patients, clinical data on PD duration, antiparkinsonian medication dosages, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination were collected. Whole-brain voxel-based measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were analyzed. RESULTS: In comparison with HCs, the PD-nonICD subjects had low FA at the bilateral orbitofrontal areas. While the PD-ICD subjects exhibited no such difference, their FA was significantly elevated at the anterior corpus callosum. Analysis of FA between the two PD groups revealed that FA in the anterior corpus callosum, right internal capsule posterior limbs, right posterior cingulum, and right thalamic radiations were significantly higher (corrected p<0.05) in the PD-ICD than in the PD-nonICD patients. MD did not differ between the PD-ICD and PD-nonICD groups in any brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: The PD-ICD patients appear to have relatively preserved white-matter integrity in the regions involved in reward-related behaviors compared to PD-nonICD patients. Further investigation is required to determine whether the difference in FA between PD-ICD and PD-nonICD patients reflects microstructural differences in the pathological progression of PD or is secondary to ICD.

Body-focused repetitive behavior disorders in ICD-11

This article addresses the question of how body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (e.g., trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder) should be characterized in ICD-11. The article reviews the historical nosology of the two disorders and the current approaches in DSM-5 and ICD-10. Although data are limited and mixed regarding the optimal relationship between body-focused repetitive behavior disorders and nosological categories, these conditions should be included within the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders category, as this is how most clinicians see these behaviors, and as this may optimize clinical utility. The descriptions of these disorders should largely mirror those in DSM-5, given the evidence from recent field surveys. The recommendations regarding ICD-11 and body-focused repetitive behavior disorders should promote the global identification and treatment of these conditions in primary care settings.

Lees' syndrome: a case series / Síndrome de Lees: uma série de casos

We report a case series of dopamine dysregulation syndrome, previously known as hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation in patients with Parkinson's disease on dopamine replacement therapies, now designated as Lees' syndrome.

Relatamos uma série de casos da síndrome de desregulação dopaminérgica, previamente conhecida como desregulação homeostática hedonística em pacientes com doença de Parkinson em uso de terapia de reposição dopaminérgica, e agora definida como síndrome de Lees.

Impulsividade e acidentes de trânsito: [revisão] / Impulsiveness and traffic accidents: [review]

CONTEXTO: As lesões por acidentes de trânsito são um problema de saúde pública e constituem uma das principais causa mortis de adultos jovens no mundo. OBJETIVO: Revisar resultados relevantes sobre a relação entre impulsividade e comportamentos de risco e acidentes de trânsito. MÉTODO: O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases MedLine, LILACS, Desastres, Cochrane Lybrary, no banco de teses da CAPES e PsycINFO, compreendendo o período de 1966 a 2006. RESULTADOS: Dos 11 estudos originais encontrados ("n" de 3806 indivíduos), seis abordaram a associação entre impulsividade e comportamento de risco no trânsito e cinco trataram da impulsividade e acidentes de trânsito. A associação entre impulsividade e correr por aventura foi observada em dois estudos e a correlação entre impulsividade e infrações em três. No desfecho acidentes, três autores mostraram associação e dois não. CONCLUSÕES: A impulsividade está associada ao comportamento de risco no trânsito, correr por aventura e infrações. A associação entre impulsividade e mais envolvimento em acidentes é controversa.

BACKGROUND: Injuries due to road traffic accidents are a major public health problem as well as one of the main causes of death among young males aged 15 to 44 years. OBJECTIVES: This paper reviews the relation between impulsiveness and risk driving behavior and between impulsiveness and traffic accidents. METHODS: Bibliographic review. Sources: MedLine (1966 to 2006), Cochrane databases, LILACS, Desastres, PsycINFO and CAPES theses archive. RESULTS: In total, 11 original studies (n=3806). Association between impulsiveness and speeding for the thrill (02 articles), impulsiveness and driver violations (03 articles) and impulsiveness traffic road accidents (03 articles). CONCLUSIONS: The impulsiveness is associated to the risky driving behavior, "run for thrill" and "traffic violations". The association between impulsiveness and accident proness is controversal.

Dependência de Internet e de jogos eletrônicos: uma revisão / Internet and videogame addiction: a review

OBJETIVO: Com a inclusão das novas tecnologias contemporâneas, a Internet e os jogos eletrônicos tornaram-se ferramentas de uso amplo e irrestrito, transformando-se em um dos maiores fenômenos mundiais da última década. Diversas pesquisas atestam os benefícios desses recursos, mas seu uso sadio e adaptativo progressivamente deu lugar ao abuso e à falta de controle ao criar severos impactos na vida cotidiana de milhões de usuários. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar de forma sistemática os artigos que examinam a dependência de Internet e jogos eletrônicos na população geral. Almejamos, portanto, avaliar a evolução destes conceitos no decorrer da última década, assim como contribuir para a melhor compreensão do quadro e suas comorbidades. MÉTODO: Foi feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura através do MedLine, Lilacs, SciELO e Cochrane usando-se como parâmetro os termos: "Internet addiction", pathological "Internet use", "problematic Internet use", "Internet abuse", "videogame", "computer games" e "electronic games". A busca eletrônica foi feita até dezembro de 2007. DISCUSSÃO: Estudos realizados em diferentes países apontam para prevalências ainda muito diversas, o que provavelmente se deve à falta de consenso e ao uso de diferentes denominações, dando margem à adoção de distintos critérios diagnósticos. Muitos pacientes que relatam o uso abusivo e dependência passam a apresentar prejuízos significativos na vida profissional, acadêmica (escolar), social e familiar. CONCLUSÕES: São necessárias novas investigações para determinar se esse uso abusivo de Internet e de jogos eletrônicos pode ser compreendido como uma das mais novas classificações psiquiátricas do século XXI ou apenas substratos de outros transtornos.

OBJECTIVE: With the introduction of the new technologies to our daily lives, the Internet and electronic games have become widely and unrestrictedly used tools and one of the major global phenomena in the last decade. Several investigations have attested the benefits from such resources; however, their healthy, adaptive use progressively gave place to their abuse and the lack of control, which have severely impacted on the daily life of millions of users. The objective of this study was to systematically review the articles looking into Internet and electronic games addiction in the general population. We intend, therefore, to evaluate the progression of these concepts in the course of the last decade, as well as contributing to better understand this condition and its comorbidities. METHOD: A systematic literature review was conducted by means of MedLine, Lilacs, SciELO, and Cochrane using the following terms as a parameter: "Internet addiction", "pathological internet use", "internet abuse", "videogame" , "computer games" and "electronic games". The electronic search was done up to December 2007. DISCUSSION: Studies conducted in distinct countries still indicate very different prevalence rates; this is probably due to the absence of consensus and the use of diverse names, which brings about the adoption of distinct diagnostic criteria. Many patients reporting abusive use and dependence show significant consequences to their professional, academic (school), social and family lives. CONCLUSIONS: Further investigations are needed to determine whether this abusive Internet and electronic game use should be understood as one of the newest psychiatric classifications of the 21st century or just substrates of other disorders.